What does the term "spectroscopy" primarily deal with?

Spectroscopy primarily deals with the interaction of light with molecules. This scientific technique involves analyzing the spectrum of light that is either emitted, absorbed, or scattered by materials. When light interacts with molecules, it can cause transitions between energy levels, leading to measurable changes in the light's properties, such as wavelength and intensity. By examining these alterations, chemists can gain insights into the composition, structure, and dynamics of a substance.

The focus on light interaction is central to various types of spectroscopy, such as UV-Vis spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, each utilizing different regions of the electromagnetic spectrum to probe molecular behavior and characteristics. Understanding these interactions allows scientists to identify molecular species, study reaction mechanisms, and investigate physical properties, making spectroscopy a vital tool in both research and analytical applications.